Juridical Study of Criminal Law on Delegation of Authority of Obstetricians and Gynecologists to Midwives in Health Services

Introduction to the Problem: The entitlement to health services represents an inherent right accorded to each citizen within the Indonesian jurisdiction. Within this framework, health practitioners assume a pivotal role in augmenting the optimal provision of healthcare to the populace. Specifically, midwives play a critical function in delivering health services aligned with the directives of medical professionals, particularly in exigent situations and referral services. The legal ramifications surrounding a midwife's engagement in illicit childbirth practices underscore the imperatives of statutory compliance. Within the confines of the Penal Code, responsibility is construed as an imperative, denoting that transgressions of criminal statutes necessitate accountability in accordance with the prescribed legal provisions.Purpose/Objective Study: This study seeks to elucidate the juridical examination of the delegation of authority within the realm of healthcare services, specifically focusing on the intricate dynamics between medical practitioners and midwives.Design/Methodology/Approach: The employed research methodology involves normative juridical analysis utilizing secondary data. Within the purview of this investigation, the research framework adheres to legal principles, encompassing an examination of both codified positive law and uncodified positive law.Findings: The delegation of authority upon midwives to execute health service activities is predicated upon a mandate from doctors, necessitating recurrent monitoring and evaluation by the medical practitioners. This delegation of authority pertaining to health-related responsibilities to midwives is effectuated through both written documentation and oral communication via telephone. The locus of responsibility for this delegation rests with the healthcare institution, where physicians assume the role of conferring authority, and midwives act as the executors entrusted with such delegated responsibilities.Paper Type: Research Articl

Patients' Experiences in Using Diabetes Self-Management Application: A Scoping Review

Diabetes cases continue to increase and burden the nursing system worldwide. Diabetes Self-Management application software (DSM apps) can enable patients to manage their disease independently while simultaneously reducing the burden of the system. These apps are already available, yet global patients’ interests in using them are still low. This research aimed to describe the global tendencies of diabetes app usage as an effort to manage diabetes cases by exploring the perceptions of diabetes patients on the use of DSM apps. This study summarized journal searches from the Elsevier, Wiley, BMC, and JMIR database with the search terms “web-based and mobile technology,” “digital health intervention,” “diabetes management mobile application,” “mobile health for diabetes self-management,” “tablet-based self-management,” and “diabetes self-management qualitative.” A total of nine journals published between January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The study concluded diabetic patients in Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, and America stated that the DSM apps used was helpful in managing diabetes. Other demographic factors such as age, level of education, and economic status have influenced the perception and tendency to use DSM apps

Psychological Distress among Parents due to Their Children Having Cancer: A Systematic Review

As a result of their children's cancer, parents are at risk of experiencing psychological distress. Parental stress will affect their roles in providing emotional support for their children. This systematic review aimed to identify the psychological distress of parents having children with cancer. EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, and Research Gate were applied to conduct electronic searches. The terms "parents," "children," "cancer," and "psychological distress" were combined using the Boolean expressions "OR" and "AND." The inclusion criteria were non-experimental studies published in English within the last 10 years (2010-2020). Risk of bias assessment was conducted for each included study using the Joanna Bridge Institute critical appraisal tools to build transparency of findings. A total of 12 articles were included in the study to determine the prevalence of psychological distress among parents and the symptoms and factors that influence it. The high category of parental distress reached 17.6%, while the very high category reached 5.8%. Thus, it needed more concern. Suicidal ideation, insomnia, and poor health were all connected to psychological distress, with the age of children and parents, the number of children, occupation, education level, depressive history, and time of diagnosis all being predictive factors

Quality of Life of Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Chronic Disease Management Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has restricted some common activities for hypertensive patients undergoing the Chronic Disease Management Program/Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis in primary health care, decreasing the quality of life. This study aimed to measure the quality of life of hypertensive patients undergoing the Chronic Disease Management Program at primary health care of Manado City, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors influencing hypertension such as sex, age, education, employment status, monthly income and duration of hypertension. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 150 hypertensive patients randomly sampled at primary health care from June to September 2021. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. The quality of life of non-complicated hypertensive patients was higher than those with complications. The utility value and the visual analog scale of hypertensive patients with and without complications were 0.808±0.13 and 80.2±8.16 and 0.761±0.17 and 75.1±7.56, respectively. The results showed that most hypertensive patients, with or without complications, had a good quality of life

Review of Different Methods of Abnormal Mass Detection in Digital Mammograms

Various images from massive image databases extract inherent, implanted information or different examples explicitly found in the images. These images may help the community in initial self-screening breast cancer, and primary health care can introduce this method to the community. This study aimed to review the different methods of abnormal mass detection in digital mammograms. One of best methods for the detection of breast malignancy and discovery at a nascent stage is digital mammography. Some of the mammograms with excellent images have a high intensity of resolution that enables preparing images with high computations. The fact that medical images are so common on computers is one of the main things that helps radiologists make diagnoses. Image preprocessing highlights the portion after extraction and arrangement in computerized mammograms. Moreover, the future scope of examination for paving could be the way for a top invention in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for mammograms in the coming years. This also distinguished CAD that helped identify strategies for mass widely covered in the study work. However, the identification methods for structural deviation in mammograms are complicated in real-life scenarios. These methods will benefit the public health program if they can be introduced to primary health care's public health screening system. The decision should be made as to which type of technology fits the level of the primary health care system

Medication Adherence and Self-Management Practices among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Jeli District, Kelantan, Malaysia

This study was carried out to investigate the level of medication adherence and diabetic knowledge among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Jeli District, Kelantan, Malaysia. This cross-sectional study was done from February to July 2019 by giving a questionnaire to 150 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged 40-80 years at three primary health cares in Jeli District, Kelantan, Malaysia. The quantitative descriptive method was used in this study. The findings of this study revealed that knowledge was significantly related to poor adherence. When sex, history of diabetes, and education were accounted for, patients with low diabetic knowledge had an odds ratio of 4.53 for poor adherence compared to those with high knowledge (adj 95% CI (1.92-10.69), p-value = 0.001). To achieve the goal of regulating diabetes management in primary health care, a clinical supervision program should be implemented to improve staff competence in diabetes management and to empower patients through self-management

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): A Comprehensive Analysis of the Malaise and Summarizing Possible Management Options through Phytotherapeutic Agents

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a severe illness affecting middle-aged and geriatric male patients. This disease normally occurs at the age of 40 or above and is also associated with sexual dysfunction. Alpha-blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors are the preferred drugs practiced to treat BPH. However, invasive surgical therapy remains the gold standard for managing the condition in the case of refractory and intricate BPH conditions. Due to the fear of sexual dysfunction and the detrimental influence on their quality of life, most patients seek to avoid synthetic drugs and surgery. For this reason, several patients turn to phytotherapy and other alternative therapies. The authors looked at the existing perceptions of epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology associated with BPH in this review article. In addition, this article contained basic information on the pathological roles of inflammation in BPH and various diagnoses and treatment options. It was well reported that the administration of medicinal herbs played a vital role in managing BPH. In recent years, many researchers worldwide have reported the efficiency and safety of phytochemicals in managing numerous pathological disorders in-vivo and in-vitro conditions and the prevention of illness

Dietary intervention with iron and black tea infusion in reducing cytotoxicity of arsenic

900-903The relative efficacy of infusion of black tea leaf, Camellia sinensis (Linn.) O. Kuntze, (Theaceae), and iron as freshly prepared aqueous solution of ferrous sulphate in reducing the cytotoxic effects of arsenic, was tested in bone marrow cells of laboratory bred Swiss albino mice. Ferrous sulphate and tea given alone did not induce chromosomal breakage to any appreciable extent. Tea decreased chromosome damage induced by arsenic to a significant extent, while the addition of ferrous sulphate did not alter the protective action of tea against arsenic. Such protection against arsenic cytotoxicity by prolonged dietary administration of black tea infusion — a common routine beverage — is of importance in view of widespread exposure of human populations to arsenic damage through drinking water from tubewells in Eastern India and Bangladesh